The territory of the province of Pisa covers 2500  km² and borders north with the province of Lucca, east and north-east with Florence, south-east with Siena, south with Grosseto and west with the province of Livorno.

The Province of Pisa is divided into two main districts:

• A plain area in the north, along the river Arno to the sea. The coast is characterized by vast beaches and woods such as pine forests of Migliarino and Tirrenia, and the forest of oaks of San Rossore. (Area Pisana and Valdarno inferiore)

• An hilly area in the south, parallel to the Tyrrhenian coast, which is separated from the province of Livorno. (Val d'Era and Val di Cecina)

Today the province is composed of 39 municipalities, 11 of which with a population of over 10,000 inhabitants.

The current territory of the province is much smaller than that of the Republic of Pisa in the XIV century, which included the Tyrrhenian coast from the river Magra up to Castiglione della Pescaia, the Tuscan Archipelago, and territories of San Miniato.